Stratigraphy :

Study of rock layers and reconstruction of original sequence in which they were deposited

Six principles of stratigraphy :
1. Principle of superposition
2. Principle of original horizontality
3. Principle of original lateral continuity
4. Cross cutting relationship
5. Rock inclusion
6. Faunal succession

study of rock succesion and the correlation of geological event and process. Putting together the geologic history of an area

lithostratigraphy is the study of lithology of the rock and its stratigraphic position

lithostratigraphic classification :

 Supergroup

 Group

 Formation

 Member 

 Beds

Facies and correlation :

facies is the total texture, composition and structural characteristic of sedimentary deposit
-lithology : grain size,rounding,sphericity
-color-biogenic content

facies analysis : interpretation of strata in term of depositional environment-variety of observation
facies association : study of several facies that occur in combination : one depositional environment
facies succession : only those facies that can be observe laterally adjacent to one another can be superimposed vertically ( cyclothem)


Correlation is the similarities of in rock sequence and fossil succesion between separated portion in stratigraphic unit.

Unconformities :
gap in the rock record. break in deposition/sedimentation or erosion take place (hiastus,lacuna & diastem)

4 types of unconformities :

1. Angular unconformity
2. Disconformity
3. Nonconformity
4. Paraconformity

To recognize Unconformities :
1. present of basal conglomerate/breccia on the top of eroded surface
2. hard ground